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| K |
Kelvin |
| k |
kilo |
| K |
k[uom] kilohm |
| kbit |
kilobit |
| kbps |
kilobits per second |
| kbyte |
kilobytes |
| kg |
kilogram |
| KGD |
known-good die (semiconductor) |
| kHz |
kilohertz |
| km |
kilometer |
| km/hour |
kilometers per hour |
| KSIA |
Korean Semiconductor Industry Association |
| KSR |
keyboard send, receive |
| kV |
kilovolt |
| kVA |
kilovoltampere |
| kW |
kilowatt |
| kWhr |
kilowatthour |
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| L |
lambert |
| LAB |
logic array block |
| LAN |
local-area network |
| LAP |
large-area processing (reference multichip module
IC) |
| laser |
light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation |
| LC |
inductance-capacitance |
| LC |
liquid crystal (display) |
| LC |
low complexity |
| LCC |
leadless chip carrier |
| LCD |
liquid-crystal display |
| LCI |
line-conducted interference (telecommunications) |
| LCOS |
liquid crystal on silicon |
| LCPGA |
low-cost pin-grid array |
| LCR |
inductance-capacitance-resistance |
| LCR |
inductance-capacitance-resistance (meter) |
| LD-AAC |
Low Delay Advanced Audio Compression |
| LDMOS |
lateral double-diffused MOS |
| LED |
light-emitting diode |
| LEF |
library-exchange format |
| LEO |
low-earth-orbit |
| LES |
LAN emulation services (communications) |
| LF |
low frequency (30 to 300 kHz) |
| LGA |
land grid array (IC) |
| LIF |
low insertion force (socket) |
| LIFO |
last-in, first-out |
| LIGBT |
lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor |
| Li-ion |
lithium ion |
| LIM |
Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (EMS spec committee) |
| LIMS |
laboratory information management system |
| LIT |
logic integrity test |
| LLC |
Limited Liability Corporation |
| LLL |
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (Livermore, CA) |
| LLP |
leadless lead-frame package |
| lm |
lumen |
| lm/ft2 |
lumen per square foot |
| lm/m2 |
lumen per square meter |
| lm/W |
lumen per watt |
| ln |
logarithm, natural |
| LNA |
low noise amplifier |
| LND |
low noise band |
| LO |
local oscillator |
| LOF |
loss-of-frame (communications error) |
| log |
logarithm |
| LPAC |
lossless predictive audio compression |
| LPAC |
London Parallel Applications Centre (UK) |
| LPF |
low-pass filter |
| lpi |
lines per inch |
| lpm |
lines per minute |
| LPM |
Library of Parameterized Modules/Macros (standard) |
| lps |
lines per second |
| LRM |
language reference manual |
| LSB |
least significant bit |
| LSI |
large scale integration |
| LSR |
least-squares regression (curve-fit) |
| LSSD |
level-sensitive scan design (testing) |
| LSTTL |
low-power Schottky transistor-to-transistor logic |
| LTAC |
lossless transform audio coding |
| LUT |
look-up table |
| LVCMOS |
low-voltage complementary metal-oxide semiconductor |
| LVDS |
low-voltage differential signaling |
| LVDT |
linear-velocity displacement transformer
(transducer) |
| LVT |
low-voltage transceiver |
| LVTTL |
low-voltage transistor-to-transistor logic |
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| M |
mega |
| m |
meter |
| Msamples/sec |
megasamples per second |
| M-Quad |
metal (body) quad (flat-pack) |
| m/sec |
meter per second |
| M[uom] |
megohm |
| m3 |
cubic meter |
| m3/sec |
cubic meter per second |
| MAC |
multiply-accumulate (computer operations) |
| MAC |
media-access control (communications protocol) |
| MAN |
metropolitan area network (communications) |
| MAP |
Manufacturing Automation Protocol |
| MAP |
modular arithmetic coprocessor |
| MAPI |
messaging application programming interface |
| MARS |
mechanical antireflective switch |
| maser |
Microwave amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation |
| MATE |
Modular Automatic Test Equipment (standard) |
| Mbit |
megabits |
| Mbps |
megabits per second |
| Mbyte |
megabytes |
| MCA |
Micro-Channel Architecture (IBM) |
| MCC |
Microelectronics and Computer Technology Center (Austin,
TX) |
| MCM |
multichip module (IC design) |
| MCT |
MOS-controlled thyristor |
| MCU |
microcontroller unit |
| MD |
minidisk |
| MDCT |
modified discrete cosine transform (synonymous with
TDAC) |
| MDSP |
microwave digital signal processor |
| MEMS |
microelectromechanical systems |
| MESC |
Molecular Equipment Subcommittee for Communications (of
SEMI) |
| MESFET |
metal-epitaxial semiconductor field-effect
transistor |
| MFM |
modified frequency modulation |
| MFP |
mini-flat pack (Japanese SOIC packaging) |
| MGCP |
Media Gateway Control Protocol |
| MHDL |
Mimic hardware description language (microwave) |
| MHz |
megahertz |
| MIB |
management information base |
| MIDI |
musical-instrument digital interface (multimedia) |
| MII |
media independent interface |
| MIM |
metal-insulator-metal (diode) |
| MIMD |
multiple-instruction, multiple-data (path-DSP) |
| MIME |
Multipurpose/Multimedia Internet Mail Extension |
| Mimic |
microwave-millimeter wave integrated circuit |
| MIP |
mixed integer program |
| MIPS |
million instructions per second |
| MIS |
management information system |
| MITI |
Ministry of Trade and Industry (Japan) |
| MLP |
Meridian lossless packing |
| MMDS |
multichannel multipoint distribution service |
| MMF |
multimode fiber |
| MMI |
man-machine interface |
| MMIC |
monolithic microwave integrated circuit |
| MMS |
modular measurement system |
| MMU |
memory-management unit (microprocessor) |
| MMX |
multimedia extension |
| MNOS |
metal-nitride oxide semiconductor |
| MO |
magneto optical disk storage |
| MOCVD |
metal-organic chemical vapor decompression (LED) |
| modem |
modulator-demodulator (telecommunications) |
| MOEMS |
micro-optical electromechanical systems (optical
MEMS) |
| MOPS |
million operations per second |
| MOS |
metal-oxide semiconductor |
| MOSFET |
metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor |
| MOSIGT |
metal-oxide semiconductor insulated-gate transistor |
| MOTS |
military off-the-shelf (procurement) |
| MOV |
metal-oxide varistor |
| MPEG |
Moving Picture Experts Group (standard) |
| MPFM |
motion picture file manager |
| MPLS |
multiprotocol label switching |
| MPP |
massively parallel processor |
| MPU |
microprocessor unit |
| MQFP |
metric quad flat-pack (packaging) |
| MR |
magnetoresistive (disk head) |
| MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
| MSA |
metropolitan statistical area (cellular
communications) |
| MSB |
most significant bit |
| MSDSL |
Multirate Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line |
| MSDU |
media-access control service data unit
(communications) |
| MSI |
medium-scale integration |
| MSK |
minimum shift keying (communications) |
| MSM |
mobile station modem |
| MSS |
mobile satellite system |
| MTBF |
mean time between failures |
| MTD |
moving-target detection (radar) |
| MTD |
memory technology driver |
| MTFT |
multilayer thick-film technology |
| MTI |
moving-target indicator (radar) |
| MTP-2 |
Message Transfer Parts |
| MTTF |
mean time to failure |
| MTTR |
mean time to repair |
| mux |
multiplexer |
| MVP |
multimedia video processor |
| MW |
megawatt |
| MXI |
Multiplatform extension for Instrumentation (bus
standard) |
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| N-AMPS |
narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service |
| NAB |
National Association of Broadcasters (Washington,
DC) |
| NACC |
North American Calibration Cooperative (US-Canada) |
| NACME |
National Action Council for Minorities in
Engineering |
| NADTP |
National Association of Desktop Publishers (Topfield,
MI) |
| NATA |
North American Telephone Association |
| NAV |
network allocation vector (communications) |
| NBC |
non-backward compatible |
| NC |
numerical control (machine) |
| NCD |
nonlinear control design |
| NCE |
Nomadic Computing Environment (portable PC standard) |
| NCMS |
National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (Ann Arbor,
MI) |
| NCO |
numerically controlled oscillator |
| NCSA |
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
(University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL) |
| NDDS |
network data-delivery service |
| NDR |
negative differential resistance (transistor) |
| NEMA |
National Electrical Manufacturers Association |
| NEMP |
nuclear electromagnetic pulse |
| NEP |
noise equivalent power |
| NFS |
network-file system (Unix standard) |
| NFS |
network file systems |
| NIC |
network interface card |
| NiCd |
nickel cadmium |
| NII |
National Information Infrastructure |
| NIM |
network-interface module (standard) |
| NIM |
National Instrumentation Module (standard) |
| NiMH |
nickel metal hydride (battery) |
| NIST |
National Institute for Standards and Technology
(Washington, DC) |
| NMOS |
N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor |
| NMRR |
normal-mode rejection ratio |
| NNI |
network-network interface (standard) |
| NNI |
network node interface |
| NOP |
no-operation instruction |
| NOS |
network operating system |
| NOSC |
Naval Ocean Surveillance Center |
| NRE |
nonrecurring engineering |
| NRF |
nonvolatile RAM file-manager |
| nrt-VBR |
non-real-time variable bit rate |
| NRZ |
nonreturn to zero |
| NSB |
National Science Board |
| NSF |
National Science Foundation |
| NSMD |
nonsolder mask defined |
| NTC |
negative temperature coefficient |
| NTDS |
National TV Design Standards |
| NTE |
near to eye |
| NTSC |
National Television Systems Committee (standard) |
| NTTC |
National Transportable Telecommunications Capability
(COMSAT) |
| NTV |
nonlinear thickness variation (IC wafer) |
| NVLAP |
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program |
| NVRAM |
nonvolatile random-access memory |
| NWDM |
narrow-wavelength-division multiplexing |
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| OADM |
optical add-drop multiplexer |
| OAM |
operations, administration, and maintenance |
| OAM&P |
operations, administration, maintenance, and
provisioning |
| OC |
optical carrier |
| OCR |
optical character reader/recognition |
| OCXO |
oven controller crystal oscillator |
| OEM |
original equipment manufacturer |
| OEO |
optical-electrical optical |
| OFDM |
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(communications) |
| OIDA |
Optoelectronics Industry Development Association |
| OLA |
open-library architecture |
| OLE |
object linking and embedding (Microsoft software
standard) |
| OLED |
organic LED |
| OMF |
Open Model Forum (of EDA) |
| OMG |
Object Management Group (software standard |
| OMI |
Open Microprocessor Initiative (European) |
| ONU |
Optical Network Units |
| OO |
object oriented |
| OOF |
out-of-frame (communications error) |
| OOP |
object-oriented programming |
| OOT |
object-oriented technology (software) |
| OPC |
Open GL Performance Characterization (Committee) |
| OQPSK |
offset-quadrature phase-shift keying
(communications) |
| ORB |
object request broker (CORBA) |
| OS |
operating system (computer) |
| OSA |
Optical Society of America |
| OSF |
Open Software Foundation |
| OSI |
open systems interconnection (communications) |
| OSPF |
open sorted path first |
| OSR |
oversampling ratio (ADC) |
| OSRA |
Office Systems Research Association (Springfield,
MI) |
| OTA |
Office of Technological Assessment (of US Congress) |
| OTDR |
optical time-domain reflectometer |
| OTS |
off-the-shelf |
| OVI |
Open Verilog International (organization) |
| OVP |
over-voltage protection (power supply) |
| OVSF |
orthogonal variable spreading factor |
| OXC |
optical cross-connect |
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| p-p |
peak-to-peak |
| P/I |
packaging and interconnecting |
| P4 |
photolithographic pattern plated probe |
| Pa |
Pascal |
| pA |
picoampere |
| PA-RISC |
Precision Architecture - Reduced Instruction Set |
| PA/R |
peak-to-average ratio |
| PABX |
private access/area branch exchange |
| PAC |
pad array carrier |
| PAC |
Perceptual Audio Coder |
| PAD |
packet assembler/disassembler |
| PAD |
programmable address decoder |
| PAD bus |
processor address data bus |
| PAL |
phase-alternation line; French TV spec |
| PAL |
programmable-array logic |
| PALC |
plasma-addressed liquid crystal (display) |
| PAM |
pulse-amplitude modulation |
| PARD |
periodic and random deviation |
| PASC |
Perceptual Audio Sub-band Coding |
| PBA |
printed board assembly |
| PBGA |
plastic ball-grid array |
| PBGAM |
plastic ball-grid array, multilayer |
| PBT |
chemical designation like PBC, etc |
| PBX |
private branch exchange |
| PC |
personal computer |
| pC |
picocoulomb |
| pc board (PCB) |
printed-circuit board |
| PC-QFP |
printed-circuit-based quad flat pack |
| PCC |
Personal Communication Computer (European) |
| PCF |
point coordination function |
| PDH |
Personal Digital Communications |
| PCI |
Peripheral Component Interconnect [bus] |
| PCI SIG |
PCI Special Interest Group |
| PCIA |
Personal Communications Industry Association |
| PCL |
printer control language |
| PCM |
pulse-code modulation |
| PCMCIA |
Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association |
| PCN |
personal communications network |
| PCOM |
private communications |
| PCR |
plastic chip carrier |
| PCS |
plastic clad silica |
| PCS |
personal communications service/system |
| PCU |
peripheral control unit |
| PD |
pulsed doppler (radar) |
| PDA |
personal digital assistant (portable computing) |
| PdAg |
palladium silver |
| PDC |
personal digital cellular (telecommunications
system) |
| PDEF |
physical design exchange format |
| PDH |
plesiochronous-digital hierarchy (communications
network) |
| PDI |
perspective dark-field imaging (semiconductor wafer
inspection) |
| PDIAL |
public-access dial-up (Internet provider) |
| PDIF |
P-CAD data interchange format |
| PDIP |
plastic dual-inline package |
| PDM |
product data management |
| PDP |
plasma display panel |
| PDT |
prototype debug tool (Tektronix) |
| PDU |
protocol data unit |
| PEBB |
power electronics building block |
| PECC |
partially error-controlled connections |
| PECL |
positive/pseudo emitter-coupled logic |
| PECVD |
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition |
| PEEL |
Programmable Electrically Erasable Logic |
| PEM |
privacy enhanced mail (Internet) |
| PEP |
Programmable Electronics Performance (Corp standard) |
| pF |
picofarad |
| PF |
power factor |
| PFC |
power-factor correction (power supply) |
| PFM |
pulse frequency modulation (battery charging) |
| PGA |
pin-grid array |
| PGA |
programmable gain amplifier |
| PGD |
'pretty good die' (IC production) |
| PGP |
'pretty good privacy' (Internet encryption
algorithm) |
| PHEMT |
pseudomorphic high electronic mobility technology (FET
process) |
| PHP |
Personal Handyphone (Japanese standard) |
| PHP |
power hybrid package |
| PHY |
physical layer |
| PIC |
parallel intereference cancellation |
| PICMG |
PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group |
| PID |
proportional-integral differential control loops |
| PIN |
positive-doped/intrinsic/negative-doped |
| PIN |
pn junction with isolation region |
| PIND |
particle impact noise detection |
| PIO |
parallel I/O |
| PIP |
procedural interface protocol |
| PIV |
peak inverse voltage |
| pixel |
picture element |
| pJ |
picojoule |
| PKI |
public-key infrastructure |
| PLA |
programmable-logic array; Signetics trademark |
| PLACE |
PEEL Architectural Compiler/Editor |
| PLC |
planar light-wave circuit |
| PLCC |
plastic leaded chip carrier |
| PLCP |
physical-layer convergence procedure |
| PLD |
programmable-logic device |
| PLDC |
polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (display) |
| PLI |
Programming Language Interface (OVI) |
| PLL |
phase-locked loop |
| PLS |
programmable logic sequencer |
| PM |
phase modulation |
| PMA |
post-metallization anneal |
| PMC |
PCI Mezzanine Card (standard) |
| PMCM |
plastic multichip module |
| PMD |
physical media dependent |
| PMOS |
p-type metal-oxide semiconductor |
| PMP |
post-metal programming |
| PMT |
photo-multiplier tube |
| PMU |
parametric measurement unit |
| PN |
processor node |
| PNN |
probabilistic neural network |
| pnp |
p-type n-type p-type |
| PnP |
Plug and Play (ISA standard) |
| POP |
point of presence (Internet) |
| POP |
Post Office Protocol (Internet) |
| PoS |
packet-over-SONET |
| POSIX |
portable operating system interface - Unix |
| POST |
power-on self tests |
| POT |
plain-old telephony |
| POTS |
plain-old telephone service (system?) |
| PPGA |
plastic pin grid array |
| PPI |
plan position indicator (radar) |
| ppm |
part(s) per million |
| PPP |
Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet) |
| pps |
pulses per second |
| PPT |
precision pad technology |
| PQFP |
plastic quad flat pack (IC) |
| PRACH |
physical random access channel |
| PRBA |
Portable Rechargeable Battery Association |
| PRBS |
pseudorandom bit stream |
| PREP |
PowerPC reference platform |
| PRF |
pulse repetition frequency (radar) |
| PRML |
partial-response maximum-likelihood (disk storage) |
| PRN |
pseudo-random noise |
| PRO |
Precision RISC Organization |
| PROM |
programmable ROM |
| PRS |
pattern recognition system |
| PSD |
power spectral density |
| psec |
picosecond |
| PSG |
phospho-silicate glass |
| psi |
pound(s) per square inch |
| psia |
pound(s) per square inch absolute |
| psig |
pound(s) per square inch gauge |
| PSK |
phase-shift keying |
| PSOP |
power small outline package |
| PSP |
programmable signal processor |
| PSPDN |
packet switched public data network |
| PSRAM |
pseudo-static RAM |
| PSRR |
power-supply rejection ratio |
| PSTN |
Public Switched Telephone Network |
| PtAu |
platinum gold |
| PTC |
positive temperature coefficient |
| PTE |
path terminating equipment |
| PTF |
polymer-thick-film |
| PTO |
Patent and Trademark Office (US Government) |
| pV |
picovolt |
| PVC |
polyvinyl-chloride |
| PVD |
peak voltage detect/physical vapor deposition |
| pW |
picowatt |
| PWM |
pulse-width modulation |
| PXI |
PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation |
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| Q |
quality factor (of a resonant circuit) |
| QAM |
quadrature amplitude modulation |
| QAS |
Quick Arbitrate and Select |
| QC |
quality control |
| QCIF |
quarter-common intermediate format |
| QDR |
quad data rate |
| QE |
quantum efficiency (photomultiplier) |
| QFB |
quad flat butt-leaded package |
| QFP |
quad flat pack |
| QIC |
quarter-inch cartridge (storage) |
| QM |
queue management |
| QML |
qualified manufacturers list |
| QoS |
quality of service (communications) |
| QPL |
qualified part/product list (procurement) |
| QPL |
Qualified Products List |
| QPM |
quasi-phase-matched |
| QPSK |
quadrature phase-shift keying (communications) |
| QSM |
queued serial module |
| QSOP |
quarter-size outline package |
| QTAG |
Quality Test Action Group (communications) |
| QTCP |
quad tape carrier package |
| QUIP |
quad in-line package |
| QVGA |
quarter VGA (320X240 pixels) |
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| RACH |
random access channel |
| rad |
radian |
| RADSL |
rate adaptive digital subscriber line |
| RAID |
redundant array of inexpensive disks |
| RAM |
random access memory |
| RAMDAC |
random access memory, digital-to-analog converter
(combination) |
| RAS |
row address strobe |
| RAS |
remote access service (network) |
| RASSP |
Rapid Prototyping of Application Specific Signal
Processors (ARPA project) |
| RAVE |
real-time audio/visual environment |
| RBOC |
regional Bell operating company |
| RC |
resistance-capacitance |
| RC-4 |
Rivest's Cipher |
| RCC |
rectangular chip carrier |
| RCM |
release complete message |
| RDBMS |
Relational Data Base Management System |
| RDRAM |
RAMbus-DRAM |
| READ |
relative element address designate |
| RED |
random early discard |
| REL |
release message |
| RF |
radio frequency |
| RFC |
request for comment (communications) |
| RFC |
radio frequency choke |
| RFI |
radio-frequency interference |
| RFIC |
radio-frequency integrated circuit |
| RFID |
radio frequency identification |
| RFP |
request for proposal |
| RGB |
red, green, blue |
| RHET |
resonant-tunneling hot-electron transistor |
| RHP |
reconfigurable hardware products |
| RIE |
reactive ion etching |
| RIO |
random early discard In/Out of Profile |
| RIP |
raster image processor (DTP) |
| RISC |
reduced-instruction-set computer |
| RISR |
remote interrupt service routine |
| RIU |
ring interface unit |
| RLC |
resistance-inductance-capacitance |
| RLE |
run-length encoding (data compression) |
| RLL |
run length limited (eg: 2,7 RLL) |
| RLN |
remote LAN node |
| RLQ |
rate-limiting queues |
| RM |
resource management |
| RMI |
resource-manager interface |
| RMII |
Reduced Media Independent Interface |
| RMON |
Remote Network Monitoring |
| rms |
root-mean-square |
| RMW |
read-modify-write (software) |
| RO |
reverse osmosis |
| ROM |
read-only memory |
| ROTS |
rugged off-the-shelf |
| ROW |
rest of the world |
| RP |
rapid prototyping |
| RP |
reinforced plastic |
| RPC |
remote procedural call (network) |
| RPC |
remote-procedure calls |
| rpm |
revolutions per minute |
| rps |
revolutions per second |
| RR |
round-robin |
| RS |
recommended standard |
| RSA |
Rivest, Shamir and Adelman (encryption) |
| RSSI |
received signal strength indicator |
| rt-VBR |
real-time variable bit rate |
| RTD |
resistance temperature detector |
| RTEID |
Real-Time Executive Interface Definition (Motorola) |
| RTI |
return from interrupt |
| RTL |
resistor transfer logic |
| RTL |
register-transfer level/language |
| RTM |
resin transfer molding |
| RTO |
return to output |
| RTOS |
real-time operating system |
| RTP |
rapid thermal processing |
| RTPS |
real-time publish-subscribe |
| RTS |
request-to-send |
| RTV |
room-temperature-vulcanized (silicone) |
| RTV |
real-time video |
| RW |
read/write |
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| S-DAB |
satellite digital audio broadcasting |
| S/DMS |
SONET/digital multiplex switch |
| S/H |
sample and hold |
| SACD |
super-audio compact disc |
| SAM |
serial access memory |
| SAM |
switched access with multiplexer |
| sample/sec |
samples per second |
| SAN |
storage-area network |
| SAPI |
service access point identifier |
| SAR |
synthetic aperture radar |
| SAR |
segmentation and reassembly (communi |
